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These
specifications match those distributed to schools on the 2006 Handbook
CDs. Any changes will be emailed to Team Managers and included in the
News section of this website.
1.1 Intent The objective of the hybrid powered people carrier is to encourage the study of power sources and drive mechanisms in a personnel vehicle. NOTE: The RACV scrutineers have the final authority to decide if any vehicle, or team competes in the event, based on safety and their interpretation of the rules. 1.2 Seating Capacity, Wheels The vehicle shall be designed to carry either a driver alone or a driver and one passenger, and shall have three or more load bearing road wheels arranged in a stable configuration. 1.3 Driving Position Driver and passenger position shall not compromise machine controllability or safety, nor shall the riding position place the occupants in a potentially hazardous position in the event of a collision. For these reasons a prone position is not allowed. Note: A design which places occupants in an extreme or other-than-conventional reclined seating position should be submitted to event organisers to gauge compliance with this clause. 1.4 Power Sources 1.4.1 Number of Power Source There are two sections in the Hybrid category and in each the vehicles shall be capable of being powered by two power systems. (i) Pedal Power PLUS one other power source (ii) 2 power sources excluding PEDAL 1.4.2 Principle of Power Generation Fuel allocation is only available to vehicles fitted with internal combustion engines as one of their power sources and will only be commercially available pump fuel as supplied from normal retail outlets. All fuel used for the trial will only be available from the scrutineers. Alternative non pressurized fuel such as vegetable oil or bio-Diesel can only be used after consultation with the scrutineers and in any case will only be dispensed by them. 1.4.3 Minimum Duration of Power Generation The machine shall be capable of sustained operation over a minimum period of 30 minutes when powered separately by each propulsion system. To satisfy this requirement, a power source may be augmented to overcome particular loads, such as starting from rest or hill climbing. The spirit of this clause is that a sacrificial form of propulsion is not acceptable. 1.4.4 Potential Maximum Speed The maximum speed of Hybrid Powered People Carriers shall be restricted to 60 kph. 2.1 Inherent Safety The design shall provide protection for the rider in the event of a collision or rollover. (Refer Bodywork 2.3 and Occupant protection 4.0). The design must be free of protrusions or other features capable of causing interference or injury to fellow competitors or spectators. Vehicle control and stability shall not be jeopardised by inappropriate design and construction methods. For example: tilt steering or flexible steering columns are prohibited and a clearance of at least 30 cm is required between the rider’s chin and the steering wheel. 2.2 Frames Frames should be non-commercial and therefore, they should be designed and built by the students. The design and construction of the frame must provide adequate strength and safety as specified. 2.3 Electrically powered Vehicles 2.3.1 Total capacity and type of propulsion batteries Propulsion batteries shall be commercially available, but not necessarily of lead-acid construction. 2.3.2 Total combined mass The maximum total combined mass of propulsion batteries (on-vehicle and reserve) per vehicle is 100 kilograms. 2.3.3 Mass of propulsion batteries on vehicle Vehicles are required to carry at least one battery at all times so that the electrical circuit is complete. Batteries must be securely mounted in vehicles and all wet cell batteries must be housed in a sealed box (e.g. plastic) that will prevent spillage if the battery is inverted or damaged. 2.3.4 Fuel used in recharging Fuel consumed by any recharging device will only be from the vehicle allocation (for fuel powered vehicles) as supplied by event organisers. 2.3.5 Area of solar panels Maximum effective area of solar recharging panel/s is: 9 m² 2.3.6 Location and number of solar panels The number of solar recharging panels is free providing the maximum panel area specified in 2.3.5 is not exceeded. Panels may be mounted on the vehicle and/or located in a separate recharging area. Panels mounted on the vehicle may not exceed the vehicle dimensions as specified and panels can not be added to, nor removed from, a vehicle during a trial. 2.3.7 Efficiency of solar panels Efficiency rating of solar panels cells is up to 16 per cent which is the current retail standard. Data sheets pertaining to cells in use may be required to be inspected during scrutineering. 2.4 Vehicles/Entries powered by Internal Combustion Engines 2.4.1 Fuel types Fuels for internal combustion engines must be commercially available pump fuels and must be supplied by the organisers. The only exception to 2.4.1 will be natural (non refinery produced) liquid fuel such as vegetable oil. Allocation will be the same as specified in section 9.2 of the trial regulations and additional points will be gained in design and construction for engines that do not use fossil fuel. Note: Pressurised fuels such as LPG, CNG and hydrogen are not permitted. 2.4.2 Fuel tanks Fuel tanks must be of sufficient capacity to contain the total allocation of fuel, as indicated for that category of vehicle in Section 9.2 of the Trial Regulations. The fuel tank refilling cap and any other tank closure shall be capable of having a mechanical seal (wire cable-tie) applied to prevent unauthorised opening. 2.5 Firewall 2.5.1 Description Vehicle occupants shall be separated by a metal firewall from: • Engine and other high temperature heat sources or potential heat sources • Fuel lines and tank • Exhaust system. 2.5.2 Firewall shall extend: • In height – above fuel tank, fuel lines, exhaust system, engine and other heat sources or potential heat sources – as well as above the shoulders of the tallest vehicle occupant in the normal driving or riding position. • Downward – to the floor line. • In width – sufficiently to screen occupants from hot surfaces and potential fire sources. • Body panels shall be kept clear of hot surfaces and fuel lines. Note: Many plastics give off toxic fumes when exposed to flame. 2.6 Exhaust Routing Exhaust fumes, hot gases and vapours shall be routed to discharge clear of occupants, at the rear of the vehicle at a minimum angle to the horizontal of 45o, downward. An effective silencer shall be fitted to reduce noise, and the pipe must not protrude beyond the frame of the vehicle. 2.7 Seating Arrangements A twin-seat vehicle may be constructed after consulting with RACV technicians on the overall dimensions of the vehicle and provided the driver has sole control of the vehicle at all times. Both driver and passenger are permitted to monitor and make adjustments to the machine, and to contribute to the generation of energy. 2.8 Bodywork Fully or partially enclosed bodywork is encouraged. In any case the bodywork design and structure will be regarded as supplementary in terms of rider protection and is not a substitute for compliance with the roll bars and side intrusion protection requirements (see section 4.1.1). 2.8.1 Where enclosed body work is fitted: • Occupants shall be able to open and/or remove bodywork and exit the vehicle without external assistance in less than 6-seconds. • Bodywork shall be capable of being opened and or removed from outside the vehicle independently of the rider in an emergency. • For twin-seat vehicles, it must be possible to exit the vehicle from either seat while the other seat is occupied. • Adequate ventilation must be provided inside the cockpit, and fumes from mechanical components and batteries must be kept separate from the cockpit area. • Rider and vehicle safety shall not be impaired by restricted ventilation or visibility, and provision for rain and fogging must be demonstrated. • Rider vision must not be impaired by excessively enclosed and restricting bodywork. Riders seated in the normal riding position are required to pass the following vision tests as depicted in the line drawings. 1. Sight an object on the road 5 metres in front of the vehicle.
2. Sight 180 degrees ahead of the rider, and other vehicles at least 15 degrees behind the rider on each side of the vehicle by turning their head. The intent of this clause is that a rider is able to turn their head to visually check for other vehicles before changing their position on the road.
2.8.2 Materials Materials selected for bodywork should be chosen with the following in mind: • Most plastics – especially films – are flammable • Many plastics give off toxic gas when exposed to flame • Body panels shall be kept clear of hot surfaces and fuel lines. Note: Teams developing tandem vehicles which do not meet these specifications must obtain approval from the RACV Technical Committee. Length • 2700 mm maximum single seat • 3000 mm maximum dual seat Width • 1100 mm maximum for vehicles fitted with bicycle width wheels greater than 400 mm in diameter. • 900 mm maximum for vehicles fitted with road wheels wider than bicycle rims or less than 400 mm in diameter. Height • 1200 mm maximum Weight § 80 kg maximum for Hybrid 1 § 110 kg maximum for Hybrid 2 Note: Weights are measured without driver, fuel or batteries. Wheelbase • 1000 mm minimum between the most forward and most rearward axle. Track • 600 mm minimum lateral distance between outermost wheels, measured at ground level. Turning circle • 10 metres diameter maximum between kerbs in either direction. 4.1 Roll over protection Two roll bars shall be fitted, a “head bar” and a “leg bar”. Both roll bars and the side intrusion protection must comply with the construction requirements outlined in section 4.2. Fully enclosed bodywork alone does not fulfill this requirement and therefore some vehicles may require a roll bar external to the bodywork. This roll bar must comply with all construction specifications. The underlying requirement of this rule is to have a sufficiently strong frame structure to support the weight of vehicle and rider in a rollover at speed. (A 40km/h impact is equivalent to dropping the vehicle on its roof from a first floor landing)
4.1.1 Construction Both roll bars and side intrusion bars shall be integral with vehicle frame, be of substantial structure and strength to support vehicle and rider in a roll over and side collision situation and comply with the dimensions listed. The main ‘head’ roll bar shall be longitudinally braced from its highest point to a major structural member (to form a tripod). 4.1.2 Dimensions With any of the competing riders in the normal riding position, the rear roll bar must be fully visible outside the rider silhouette when viewed from the front or rear, and conform to the following dimensions. • Height above helmet - 150 mm minimum • Width at top of helmet - 150 mm minimum either side of the helmet • Width at shoulder level - 50 mm minimum either side of the shoulders • Forward or rearward - no more than 150 mm of the rider's helmet • Roll bar shall envelope the rider when viewed from either front or rear. § The forward ‘leg’ roll bar must protect the rider’s legs, knees and feet from being crushed when the car is upside down. Note: A straight line from the top of one roll bar to the top of the other must have at least 50 mm clearance above the rider’s head. 4.1.3 Side Protection The vehicle design must provide side intrusion protection for the rider, either in the form of intrusion bars or structural framework that is as specified in section 4.1.1. Side intrusion must protect the rider from direct contact with another vehicle, with no part of the rider allowed to protrude outside the side protection in normal operation of the vehicle. The side protection must be designed to have a minimum 50 mm clearance around the rider and shield the area between the rider’s hip and shoulder from contact with another vehicle. Designs that do not prevent the wheel of another vehicle contacting the rider in a T-bone type collision will not be accepted.
4.2 Seat Belt 4.2.1 Type The vehicle must be fitted with an Approved and Certified adult FOUR point seat belt for all riders. Seat belts must have certification attached. Suggested suppliers: HEMCO INDUSTRIES Vic. Phone 03 5334 1213 Fax 03 5334 1011. Klippan, Type "Street Racer" 4 point, 2 inch webbing available through Repco stores. The seat belt will be completely standard, including buckle, stitching and mounting plates and must be adjustable (required to be demonstrated) for each individual rider. The seat belt will be completely standard, including buckle, stitching and mounting plates and must be adjustable (required to be demonstrated) for each individual rider. 4.2.2 Mounting The seat belt must be mounted to a major, non-moving, structural member of the vehicle or can be mounted to the seat provided it is suitably secured. Upper belts mounted behind the rider’s shoulders are required to be no more than 40 degrees from horizontal. 4.2.3 Positioning The positioning of buckles and belts on the riders body shall conform strictly to the belt wearing requirements of Australian Design Rules (ADRs) for motor vehicles. The relevant section of the ADR 4/01 is reproduced below: ‘Seat belts are designed to bear upon the bony structure of the body, and should be worn across the chest, shoulders and low across the front of the pelvis; wearing the lap section of the belt across the abdominal area should be avoided. Seat belts should be adjusted as firmly as possible, consistent with comfort, to provide the protection for which they have been designed. A slack belt will greatly reduce the protection afforded to the wearer.’ 4.3 Shielding 4.3.1 Spillage Means shall be provided to prevent or contain spillage of dangerous fluids and in particular wet cell batteries must be housed in a sealed box (e.g. plastic) that will prevent spillage if the battery is inverted or damaged. 4.3.2 Driver and Passenger Protection All moving components (wheels, chains, sprockets, gear wheels and controls) shall be fully shielded to prevent accidental contact with occupants or their clothing. 4.3.3 Protection from Other Vehicles Chains, gears wheels and sprockets must be suitably shielded to prevent their contact with other vehicles. 4.3.4 Shielding from Road Surface Vehicles must be fitted with an under-tray or floor panel, which prevents occupants’ feet from contacting the ground when seated in the riding position. Pedal toe clips, elastic straps or pedal-to-toe locking devices do not fulfill the requirements of this clause. 5.1 Type The type of steering mechanism is free, provided the driver is afforded continuous positive control without the need for regular adjustment. Tilt steering or flexible steering columns are prohibited, and a clearance of at least 30 cm is required between the rider’s chin and the steering wheel. 5.2 Freedom from Binding and Fouling Steering linkages shall operate freely from full left to full right lock without binding or fouling. 5.3 Lock Stops Independent positive stops shall be provided to limit the steering linkage movement at maximum lock. This is to prevent linkage over centre travel, or contact between steering components, tyres or wheels, or against occupants, seats or frame components. (100 mm minimum clearance is required between the occupant and any rotating part). 6.1 Independent Systems The vehicle shall be fitted with a minimum of two effective independent braking systems. All wheels in contact with the road must have a braking capability. 6.2 Type Single seat: At least one braking system shall operate directly on wheel hub/s or axle/s (i.e. not acting on wheel rims), and may be either drum or disc type. Twin seat: At least two braking systems shall operate on wheel hub/s or axle/s (i.e. not acting on wheel rims), and may be either drum or disc type. 6.3 Directional Stability Brake callipers on the same axle line (e.g. both front wheels) must operate via a single level, so that independent operation of any braking system shall not have the potential to affect directional stability of the vehicle. That is, the braking power of each and every braking system shall be symmetrical about the vehicles longitudinal centre line. 6.4 Simultaneous Operation The two braking systems shall be able to be operated by the rider simultaneously. 6.5 Steering Control Full steering control shall be maintained while any or all braking systems are being operated. 7.1 Lighting The vehicle shall be fitted with the following as a minimum requirement.
7.1.2 Tail Light At least one red tail light, securely mounted on the vehicle, with a minimum lens area of 7 cm2. Red flashing LED-type tail lights are acceptable. 7.1.3 Outline Lighting The use of reflective material or strip lighting to indicate machine width and height (especially from the rear) is encouraged. 7.1.4 Mounting All lights are required to be securely mounted for the duration of the event and to maintain correct aim. 7.1.5 Lighting Batteries Additional lighting batteries may be used to power lighting and accessories provided such batteries are not utilized to assist propulsion. 7.2 Mirrors 7.2.1 Number and Type The vehicle shall be fitted with two flat plain or mildly convex mirrors, one on either side of the driver. 7.2.2 Positioning Each mirror shall be positioned no lower than driver chest height and such that the driver is afforded a clear view to the rear the smallest driver or smallest passenger must be able to reach and adjust each mirror from the normal riding position/s. 7.2.3 Size Mirrors adjustable by the driver shall have a minimum reflecting surface area 40 cm². 7.2.4 Mounting Mirrors shall be rigidly mounted to non-moving chassis or body members and be free from vibration. 7.3 Warning Device An electric audible warning device shall be fitted (e.g. smoke alarm siren) and operate from the normal riding position. The device must not run continuously and operate via a momentary switch. The horn must emit sound in excess of 85 dbA measured directly in front of the vehicle at a distance of 1 metre. This will be checked at scrutineering. 7.4 Fire Extinguisher A fire extinguisher must be fitted to all hybrid vehicles. An Australian Standard, dry powder minimum 5BE fire extinguisher of maximum capacity 0.9 kg shall be securely affixed to all hybrid vehicles in such manner and position that it can be readily reached and removed for use in an emergency. 7.5 Other Devices Any other equipment, e.g. drink bottle, shall be securely mounted, and shall not impair driver control in its mounting or use. 7.6 Speedometer All vehicles shall be equipped with a simple electronic speedometer (e.g. Cat eye) to monitor speed during the event (pit area speed limit of 15kph). 7.7 Engine Immobiliser All motorised vehicles are required to fit a cut out switch that shuts down all propulsion sources. The cut out switch must be easily accessible and mounted on the left hand side of the vehicle and within 300 mm of the rider’s left shoulder. 8.1 School Name Each vehicle shall have their school name visibly displayed on either side of their vehicle. 8.2 Identification Panels Each vehicle shall have three white identification panels. One of each of these panels should be visible from the front and either side. Identification panels shall be either 250 mm by 300 mm or a circle 300 mm diameter. [ Home | Categories | Hybrid Timetable | Trial Regulations ]
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